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NOTES

² Allen Tullos, Habits of Industry: White Culture and the Transformation of the Carolina Piedmont (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989), 135-140.

³ Davidson (N.C.) Monthly, June 16, 1871; David R. Goldfield, Cotton Fields to Skyscrapers: Southern Region and City (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982), 86-90.

⁴ Tullos, 134-135, 147; David R. Carlton, Mill and Town in South Carolina, 1880-1920 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982), 135-136, 148; Charlotte News, September 27, 1935.

⁵ Levi Branson (ed.), Branson's North Carolina Business Directory, 1900 (Raleigh: Branson and Jones, Publishers, 1900); North Carolina Year Book and Business Directory, 1909 (Raleigh: News and Observer, 1909); Mecklenburg (N.C.) Times, February 1, 1962; Interview with Mary Sherrill, May 16, 1991, Cornelius, N.C.

⁶ Blythe and Brockman, 421-422.

⁷ Quoted in Goldfield, 124; Jacquelyn Dowd Hall, et al., Like a Family: The Making of the Southern Cotton Mill World (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1987), 26; Brent Glass, '"Southern Mill Hills: Design in a 'Public Place,' in Douglas Swaim (ed.), Carolina Dwelling, 138-149 (Raleigh: North Carolina State University School of Design Publication, 1978); Blythe and Brockman, 273.

⁸ Hall, et al., 44-113.

⁹ Hall, et al., 114-180; Carlton, 175; Marjorie A. Potwin, Cotton Mill People of the Piedmont (New York: Columbia University Press, 1927).

¹⁰ Interview with Rhetta May McCoy, March 25, 1991. Pineville, N.C.

¹¹ Edgar T. Thompson, Agricultural Mecklenburg and Industrial Charlotte (Charlotte: Charlotte Chamber of Commerce, 1926).

¹² Charlotte Observer, May 21, 1989.

¹³ Interview with Maude Harwell Miller, April 4, 1991. Cornelius, N.C.; Fannie Lou Gingham, "Cornelius Owes its Birth to Business Dispute,"Charlotte News, September 27, 1935; Mecklenburg Gazette, February 16, 1977; Cornelius Scrapbook, September 23, 1990.

¹⁴ Branson, 1884, 1890, 1896, 1900; Tompkins, History Of Mecklenburg County, v.2, (Charlotte: Observer Printing Company, 1903), 198-199.

¹⁵ Catherine W. Bishir, et al., Architects and Builders in North Carolina: A History of the Practice of Building (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990), 247-251; Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910, Mecklenburg County, Population Schedule.

¹⁶ Hart's Directory of Charlotte, North Carolina, 1889, (Charlotte: Observer Printing Company, 1889).

¹⁷ Southeast (Mecklenburg County) News, October 1, 1986.

¹⁸ Joyce K. Lemmond, "A Bit of History," Southeast (Mecklenburg County) News, March 5, 1986; Lemmond, ''Vestiges of Old Matthews Live On," Charlotte Observer, March 19, 1986; Southeast (Mecklenburg County ) Magazine, August 16, 1989.

¹⁹ Mary Alice Dixon Hinson and Dan L. Morrill, The Heath and Reid Store, Survey and Research Report," 1980, on file at the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Historic Landmarks Commission, Charlotte, N.C.

²⁰ Liston Pope, Millhands and Preachers: A Study of Gastonia (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1942), 49-51, 79-83, 91-95; Carlton observes that in the small-town Piedmont, uptown residents where known as "town people," in contrast to "mill people," see Carlton, 8-11.

²¹ Catherine W. Bishir, North Carolina Architecture (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990), 275-295; Branson, 1900; Bishir, et al., Architects and Builders, 214-219, 221-226.

²² Mary Beth Gatza, Rural Mecklenburg County Architectural Inventory, 1988, survey files available at the N.C. Division of Archives and History, Raleigh, N.C.

²³ Quoted in Bishir, et al., Architects and Builders, 252; Raleigh State Chronicle, August 30, 1884.

²⁴ Gatza; Interview with Mano Rincannon, June 15, 1991, Cornelius, N.C.

²⁵ William H. Huffman and Laura A. W. Phillips, ''The Reid House, Survey and Research Report,'' 1987, on file at the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Historic Landmarks Commission, Charlotte, N.C.

²⁶ Michael T. Southern, "The I-House as Carrier of Style," in Douglas Swaim (ed.), Carolina Dwelling, 72-83; Bishir, 290.

²⁷ Gatza; Mary Ranson interview; Branson, 1900; Kate Ranson Cornue, "I Remember When, " The Mecklenburg Gazette, August 31 and September 14, 1978.

²⁸ Mary Ranson interview.

²⁹ Paula Stathakis and Dan L. Morrill, "Charles and Laura Alexander House, Survey and Research Report," 1990, on file at the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Historic Landmarks Commission, Charlotte, N.C.

³⁰ Quoted in Bishir, et al., Architects and Builders, 300; Charlotte Observer, November 29, 1903.

³¹ Bishir, et al., Architects and Builders, 301; Alan Gowans, The Comfortable House: North American Suburban Architecture, 1890-1930 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986), 9-11.

³² Mary Ranson interview; Gatza.

³³ Southeast (Mecklenburg County) News: Special Section, November 10, 1975.

³⁴ Mary Sherrill interview; Gatza.

³⁵ Richard Mattson, "The Bungalow Spirit," Journal of Cultural Geography, 1 (1981): 75-92.

³⁶ Mary Ranson interview; Gatza.

³⁷ Mano Rinkannon interview; Gatza.

³⁸ Interview with Maude Harwell Miller, May 10, 1991, Cornelius, N.C.

³⁹ Huntersville Presbyterian Church, 1878-1978: A Brief Scrapbook of its First Hundred Years (Huntersville, N.C. Huntersville Presbyterian Church Centennial Committee, 1978), 11.

⁴⁰ Bishir, 180-190.

⁴¹ Suzanne Gulley, "Matthews United Methodist still owes Hictory Grove for Well dug in 1877," Matthews (N.C.) News, May 3, 1990.

⁴² Bishir, North Carolina Architecture, 310-328.

⁴³ Gatza.

⁴⁴ J. W. Russell, "'The First One-Hundred Years': A History of the Matthews Presbyterian Church," available at the Matthews Presbyterian Church, Matthews, N.C.

⁴⁵ Ruth B. Gardner, "Matthews Baptist Church, Matthews, North Carolina," available at the Matthews Baptist Church, Matthews, N.C.

⁴⁶ LeGette Blythe, "Highlights of Huntersville's History," The Mecklenburg (N.C.) Gazette, December 13, 1979.

⁴⁷ Ibid.; Branson, 1900.

⁴⁸ Dan L. Morrill and Joseph Schuchman, "The Old Matthews School, Survey and Research Report," 1984, on file at the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Historic Landmarks Commission, Charlotte, N.C.

⁴⁹ Ibid.

⁵⁰ Cornue, August 31, 1978.

⁵¹ North Carolina Department of Labor and Printing, Twenty-Ninth Annual Report. . . 1915. (Raleigh: Edwards and Broughton and E. M. Ezell, 1915).

⁵² D. A. Tompkins, Cotton Mill, Commercial Features (Charlotte: Observer Printing House, 1899).

⁵³ North Carolina Department of Labor and Printing, Thirty-Ninth Annual Report. . . 1925. (Raleigh: Edwards and Broughton and E. M. Ezell, 1925).

⁵⁴ Thomas W. Hanchett, "Earle Sumner Draper: City Planner of the New South," in Catherine W. Bishir and Lawrence S. Earley (ed.) Early Twentieth-Century Suburbs in North Carolina, 79 (Raleigh: N.C. Department of Cultural Resources, 1985).

⁵⁵ Southern Textile Bulletin, March 28, 1918.

⁵⁶ Glass, 148.

⁵⁷ Southern Textile Bulletin, January 15, 1920; Bishir, et al., Architects and Builders, 227-231.

⁵⁸ Rhetta May McCoy interview; Hall, et al., 66-85.

⁵⁹ Rhetta May McCoy interview.

⁶⁰ Ibid.; Hall, et al., 66-67.

⁶¹ For a thoughtful, personal account concerning racial attitudes in small-town North Carolina, see Melton A. McLaurin, Separate Pasts: Growing Up White in the Segregated South (Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1987).

⁶² Quoted in Charlotte Observer, December 21, 1988.

⁶³ Mattson, "The Cultural Landscape of a Southern Black Community, 1890 to 1930,'' Landscape Journal, forthcoming, spring 1992.

⁶⁴ Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910, Mecklenburg County, Population Schedule; Branson, 1910; Bob Rosenblatt, "Proud, Poor, They're Cleaning," Charlotte Observer, May 13, 1968.

⁶⁵ Interview with L. G. Ross, July 23, 1991, Huntersville, N.C.; Interview with Ruby Alexander, July 23, 1991, Huntereville, N.C.; Interview with Sam and Viola Boyd, July 22, 1991, Matthews, N.C.; Pat Borden Gubbins, "Crestdale: New Hopes, New Challenges, " Charlotte Observer, March 18, 1987; Blythe and Brockman, 318.

⁶⁶ Interview with Jesse Johnson Bell, April 2, 1991, Matthews, N.C.

⁶⁷ Ruby Alexander interview; Sam and Viola Boyd interview; Interview with James Derr, July 24, 1991, Cornelius, N.C.

⁶⁸ Janette Thomas Greenwood, The Black Experience in Charlotte-Mecklenburg , 1850-1920: A Teaching Packet for Charlotte-Mecklenburg Teachers (Charlotte: Charlotte-Mecklenburg Historic Properties Commission, 1984), section 3; James D. Anderson, The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860-1935, (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988), 148-185.

⁶⁹ Sam Boyd interview.

⁷⁰ Thomas W. Hanchett, "The Rosenwald Schools and Black Education in North Carolina," The North Carolina Historical Review 65 (October 1988): 387-444.

⁷¹ Ibid., 437.

⁷² Matthews News, October 2, 1990.

⁷³ Hanchett, "Rosenwald Schools, 401-406.

⁷⁴ Matthews News, October 2, 1990.

⁷⁵ Gubbins, "Crestdale," Charlotte Observer, March 18, 1987.